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The Covid-19 pandemic, a disease caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus, has generated a complex scenario in the context of global health, the severe form of Covid-19 brings with it repercussions on systems, especially the cardiorespiratory system, with high changes in its functionality. Symptoms such as fever, cough, dyspnea, loss of taste and smell, myalgia and the presence of respiratory secretions are common in infected patients. In some cases, manifestations may arise even more aggressively, which may progress to severe cases of respiratory failure. In this context, physiotherapy acts directly in intensive care units, especially in the management of respiratory disorders and conduction of ventilatory support. In the search for strategies that proved to be effective in improving hypoxemia in severe cases of Covid-19, the spontaneous prone position stood out for providing improved lung ventilation through the action of gravity. Thus, this study aimed to describe the effects of spontaneous prone position as a resource to improve oxygenation in patients with Covid-19 through an integrative literature review. It was possible to observe that the spontaneous prone position in patients with Covid-19 gained prominence for providing the improvement of hypoxemia and significantly reducing the risks of orotracheal intubation.
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Previous studies show that the type of content and format of messages employed in campaigns about COVID-19 can influence the attitudes and behaviors of the population, increasing their commitment and engagement with measures to contain the disease. This study describes two experiments with 998 Brazilian adults, which main objective was to investigate whether behavioral intentions that contribute to the fight against COVID-19 would be significantly influenced by videos that address the disease from different strategies: one message was informative only, and the other was framed to mobilize empathy in viewers. The results indicate that exposure to both messages contributed to an increase in behavioral intentions of participants, when compared to others who formed a control group. Data also suggest that socioeconomic conditions are an important factor to consider when analyzing the effects of these messages on people's behavior. We discuss the importance of considering the scientific evidence regarding the format and content of messages aired to the population. We also discuss the need to implement initiatives to protect people in more vulnerable socioeconomic conditions, so that actions in the field of Health Education may effectively contribute to combat the pandemic. © 2022, Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia. All rights reserved.
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With the pandemic, the European Union reconfigures the need to raise levels of digital training, as well as to improving digital skills and competences. The emergency remote teaching increased the challenges and inequalities among the most disadvantaged, led them to learn how to learn for themselves, it means to learn to be competent, to be autonomous through a work plan, to receive and consider feedback to improve. The objective of this study is to inventory and articulate knowledge about emergency remote teaching, more specifically, to answer the question: in the context of the covid-19 pandemic, which pedagogical practices were most friendly for learning and succeed in basic education? To conduct this study, the methodology was quantitative. We constructed and applied online a questionnaire near teachers of basic education (n = 377). The questionnaire was composed of multiple-choice and open-ended questions. Data were processed using SPSS (Social Package for Social Sciences), version 27 and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The main results suggest that teachers considered that they need to change pedagogical practices, designing "new” pedagogical scenarios, teaching and learning strategies for motivating pupils and evaluating competences through the use of emergency remote teaching. Despite this effort and awareness of the need for change, the performance culture was still predominant. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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The pandemic context that devastated teaching in Portugal, placing students and teachers only connected by a screen, made emotions emerge in students, making the accompanying teachers more attentive. In this study, we present the results obtained from the general objective: to identify the emotions present in students in the emerging context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from teachers of the 2nd and 3rd cycles of basic education (n = 377), through a questionnaire survey that contained an open question, asking teachers to write about the challenges encountered in managing students' emotions. The webQDA® software was used for the analysis and interpretation of qualitative data. The main results show that the identification of emotions by teachers was not, systematically, unanimous, and also differs according to the length of service. A school that is, for many, a place of well-being and good practices, since teachers play the role of "psychologist without training, just to listen to students”, was one of the conclusions. Thus, the monitoring carried out by teachers with more or less time of service, even at a distance, was relevant, considering that pedagogy was (re)invented. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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In this article, we present the results of a study that aimed to understand how elementary school teachers perspective remote emergency education, the constraints felt and positive aspects highlighted, taking into account the technologies adopted for pedagogical mediation during the COVID-19 pandemic. For data collection, we take care of ethical procedures, namely anonymity and voluntary participation. The study included 377 teachers, who answered a questionnaire survey, which contained likert-type items on teaching, learning and evaluation, and ended with two open questions: 1) about the main constraints of this teaching modality and 2) main positive aspects. We use the webQDA software to support the analysis of the data of these issues. The results show that the pandemic has accelerated the urgency of digital education, forced teachers and students to evolve, evidenced inequalities between students with and without computer, with and without connectivity. By addressing different learning rhythms, technologies enhance the development of ICT skills;the most shy or more difficult students developed more skills in this type of teaching, as well as the improvement of the students' behavior.
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We present a method for evaluating COVID-19 contamination risk based on social distancing between individuals and face mask usage. Our method employs images captured by surveillance cameras as input to a system that computes a health risk indicator in real time. This system can handle real-world situations, performing detections in large public spaces, such as squares and streets, as well as other potentially crowded areas like restaurants and shopping centers. Our system uses the number of people with and without masks and their proximity to evaluate the risk of COVID-19 contamination. We employed deep neural networks to detect people with and without masks, and we used computer vision to measure the distance between them. Both cases presented challenges, including distinguishing face masks at wildly different distances and positions concerning the camera, occlusions, shape variance, etc. We have built and made public a face mask detection dataset (44,402 faces) with images that include these challenging scenarios and used them to train our deep neural networks. Our best deep neural network architecture achieved 91.41% precision, 82.88% accuracy, and 89.88% recall on face mask detection. © 2022 IEEE.
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The article presents the production of bioregional maps lived and managed in the territory of fishing communities, based on their involvement, knowledge and actions, referring to the impacts of the oil spill in 09 locations on the coast of NE Brazil. Several fishing communities were affected by the oil spill crime that occurred in 2019. Territorial management is constituted, in the event on screen, from actions that aimed to solve problems arising from the impacts on the territory that are described and problematized by the fishing communities themselves that had suffering prolonged over time and space due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The descriptions and problematizations were constituted and systematized from the project "Manchas do Sofrimento" originated from the INCT Amb Tropic II, GT 4.0 Oil Spills. Decolonial and Popular Education references allowed the fabric of this article, whose methodology was based on a qualitative approach, based on the collaborative construction of maps by fishermen and fishermen and a team of researchers and scholars from the Federal University of Bahia. The technique of bioregional mapping, based on citizen science, structures the methodological dimension. As a result, we bring a methodology constituted in an integrative way, in which multiple knowledge enabled the elaboration of maps, which demonstrated the sense of belonging of fishermen and fisherwomen and defense of their territorialities. from the collaborative construction of maps by fishermen and fisherwomen and a team of researchers and scholars from the Federal University of Bahia. The technique of bioregional mapping, based on citizen science, structures the methodological dimension. As a result, we bring a methodology constituted in an integrative way, in which multiple knowledge enabled the elaboration of maps, which demonstrated the sense of belonging of fishermen and fisherwomen and defense of their territorialities. from the collaborative construction of maps by fishermen and fisherwomen and a team of researchers and scholars from the Federal University of Bahia. The technique of bioregional mapping, based on citizen science, structures the methodological dimension. As a result, we bring a methodology constituted in an integrative way, in which multiple knowledge enabled the elaboration of maps, which demonstrated the sense of belonging of fishermen and fisherwomen and defense of their territorialities.
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Objective: To address the issue of ventilator shortages due to the COVID-19 pandemic, our group developed the proof-of-concept of a low-cost and rapidly scalable open-source mechanical ventilator system for emergency use. Method(s): A simplified architecture of MiniVent was designed to meet the low-cost and easy-to-produce pre-established properties of our device. To carry out such an approach, we decided to use only components commonly available in the market or components of easy production with usual manufacturing techniques, such as 3D printing. The design of MiniVent comprises a pneumatic unit that controls the quality of the air and oxygen mixture and maintains the pressure on the patient's lungs at the desired preset value, along the respiratory cycle. The control unit was programmed on a microcontroller and is responsible for ensuring the respiratory rate and the inspiratory-expiratory ratio, selected by the user. To ensure the fulfilment of all the security and specification requirements of pandemic ventilators, we followed the mandatory specifications presented in the document - Rapidly Manufactured Ventilator System (RMVS) - published by the Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). A set of tests was performed using different ventilatory parameters for instrumental verification of MiniVent's physical and biological performance. A stability test was also carried out during 35 hours of uninterrupted operation to analyse whether the expected dynamics of the output pressure were maintained over this time. Result(s): The ventilator system developed allows prescribing different breathing rates, fractions inspired of oxygen (FiO2), inspiratory-expiratory ratios (I: E), positive inspiratory pressures (PIP) and positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEP), which can be easily adjustable to the patient's condition. The results of a set of tests assured the reliability of all the ventilatory parameters set by the user. Furthermore, MiniVent showed a good performance over 35 hours of uninterrupted operation, which pointed out the stability of this device. In addition, the device was tested in a porcine model showing good mechanical performance and adequate arterial blood gas throughout all test periods. When compared with commercial ventilators, MiniVent exhibited a similar performance of ventilation. Conclusion(s): MiniVent could be a reliable solution to overcome the shortage of commercial ventilators in emergencies, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. This device presents a production cost of under 1000 and does not need specialized technical assistance so it might be a viable solution even in lowerincome countries.
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With the advent of SARS-COV-2, industry and academy have been mobilizing themselves to find technical solutions to satisfy the high demand for hospital supplies. This work aims to study the manufacturing process by melting and depositing thermoplastic material (three-dimensional printing) to build a mechanical ventilator. We center the methodology of this work on the observation of good practices for the procedure of printing plastic parts for medical and hospital use, aiming to guarantee mechanical resistance and satisfy sanitary restrictions. At first, we studied materials for manufacturing parts for application in the medical-hospital environment. In a second moment, a study of the mechanical resistance of specimens for traction test was developed, based on the ASTM D638 standard, printed with different directions of material deposition and using different types of thermoplastics with potential use in medical systems such as PLA, ABS, and PETG. In a third moment the mechanism of a mechanical ventilator in Solidwork was created, this mechanism automated an AMBU using a rack and gear system, the properties of the PLA material (of the second moment) were applied to the gear (it is the most critical part of the mechanism) and the effects of torsion on the gear were simulated (stepper motor). Finally, a 3D printing mechanism was created. For the production of these specimens, we employed the Simplify 3d software. Optimized settings were suggested for the deposition of the thermoplastic material, considering a reduction in speed to 30 mm/s, a layer height of 0.100 mm, 100% filling, and a line overlap of 60% to avoid voids at the edges of the pieces, within order to increase the mechanical resistance. The observed results are satisfactory and are under the analyzed bibliography, indicating that adjustments in parameters and configurations of material deposition influence the mechanical strength of the parts.
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Introduction/Objective: It presents a theme linked to the analysis and verification of delays in indexing scientific journal articles with the terms of the controlled vocabulary Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) in the PubMed search engine. Methodology: Includes bibliographic research for thematic contextualization, and is exploratory and descriptive with practical applicability on subjects related to the COVID-19 pandemic. A search strategy was built on PubMed with 16 terms related to the theme in the MeSH Terms and Text Word fields. The study was published in 2021 in the Portuguese language. The metadata of the 85 publications were exported for analysis in a spreadsheet under the aspects of entry of the publication in PubMed, time until indexing with the MeSH terms and category of the publication. Results: About 89% of the publications, considering the sample of 62 items with MeSH Terms, had a delay in indexing of at least 15 days;and about 11% collapsed in 15 to 135 days. Conclusion: In order for researchers to be able to retrieve the most scientific content on COVID-19, it is essential that they are constructed of searches that contemplate the use of the MeSH controlled vocabulary term combined with the use of the nomenclature variations of the theme in other fields, such as Text Word, since publications may appear in the search engine, but have not yet been indexed, in order to retrieve a greater number of scientific literature already published.
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RATIONALE: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for population adherence to recommended prevention and control measures for acute respiratory infections. This study aims to summarize and evaluate the evidence on barriers for populational adherence to vaccine to prevent acute respiratory infections. METHODS: A qualitative evidence synthesis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Protocols statement and the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care: Qualitative Evidence Synthesis. An electronic search was performed in three databases (MEDLINE [Ovid], Embase [Ovid], and PsycINFO) from their inception to the present. We included studies published in Portuguese, English and Spanish that used both qualitative data collection and analysis methods. We also included studies that used mixed methods, when used qualitative methods of analysis. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Critical Skills Appraisal Programme (CASP). The certainty of the evidence was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (GRADECERQual) approach. The best-fit framework approach was followed as the strategy for data analysis and synthesis. Data were synthesized using adapted dimensions from the 'The Health Belief Model' (HBM) and the 'Behaviour Change Wheel' (BCW). RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included. The studies were related to influenza, H1N1, invasive pneumococcal disease, pertussis, and other acute respiratory infections. Most studies were assessed as having appropriate methological rigour. Regarding the confidence in the evidence of the thirteen findings, identified from the thirteen included studies, four were we graded four as high confidence certainty of evidence, four as moderate, three as low and two as very low certainty of evidence. The findings were presented within the six identified themes of the being two of the HBM model (perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers) and four of the COM-B model (social opportunity, automatic motivation, psychological capability and reflective motivation). CONCLUSIONS: Several factors can be considered barriers to implementing adequate populational adherence to immunization against respiratory infectious diseases: misperceptions on vaccination costs, lack of knowledge about the disease and its severity, lack of personal and environmental susceptibility, general misperceptions about vaccines (including their production, testing, and distribution protocols) and vaccine availability. In addition, other cultural and personal backgrounds can also be considered a leading cause: fear, lack of public awareness, inconvenience to take vaccination, unfortunate experiences in the past, and other misperceptions about efficacy, risks, side effects, among others.
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COVID-19 rapidly spread across the world in an unprecedented outbreak with a massive number of infected and fatalities. The pandemic was heavily discussed and searched on the internet, which generated big amounts of data related to it. This led to the possibility of attempting to forecast coronavirus indicators using the internet data. For this study, Google Trends statistics for 124 selected search terms related to pandemic were used in an attempt to find which keywords had the best Spearman correlations with a lag, as well as a forecasting model. It was found that keywords related to coronavirus testing among some others, such as "I have contracted covid", had high correlations (0.7) with few weeks of lag (4 weeks). Besides that, the ARIMAX model using those keywords had promising results in predicting the increase or decrease of epidemiological indicators, although it was not able to predict their exact values. Thus, we found that Google Trends data may be useful for predicting outbreaks of coronavirus a few weeks before they happen, and may be used as an auxiliary tool in monitoring and forecasting the disease in Brazil.
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Objetivos: Relatar a experiência dos monitores da disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO) em relação às monitorias ministradas através de plataforma digital durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, realizado a partir da vivência dos monitores. A disciplina foi ministrada no formato de ensino a distância (EAD) durante os semestres de 2020.1 e 2020.2. As monitorias virtuais aconteceram nos horários anteriormente reservados para as atividades práticas da disciplina. A plataforma digital utilizada foi o Google Meets. Resultados: Foram realizadas durante os dois semestres 4 atividades virtuais, divididas de acordo com os seguintes temas: métodos diagnósticos, hemograma, hematoscopia, e coagulograma. Na monitoria de métodos diagnósticos, foram apresentados aos alunos através da discussão de 4 casos clínicos, os seguintes métodos diagnósticos: biópsia de medula óssea e aspirado de medula óssea;citogenética e biologia molecular;citometria de fluxo;eletroforese de proteína e eletroforese de hemoglobina. A monitoria de hemograma foi estruturada com a apresentação dos tópicos de forma teórica seguida da discussão de hemogramas com diferentes alterações, promovendo uma interação prática com os alunos. A monitoria de hematoscopia foi realizada com a projeção de lâminas, seguida de perguntas sobre as alterações apresentadas e as condições hematológicas relacionadas. Esse formato contribuiu para o engajamento dos alunos com o tema, tornando a discussão mais dinâmica. Com relação à monitoria de coagulograma, esta foi estruturada com a explicação da cascata de coagulação de forma detalhada seguida da apresentação dos exames laboratoriais usados na prática clínica e a utilização dos mesmos para avaliação de alterações na coagulação. Ao longo da monitoria de coagulograma foram elaboradas perguntas de fixação de conteúdo e apresentadas questões de residência médica sobre o tema, o que contribuiu para sedimentação do conteúdo apresentado. Discussão: Anteriormente, a monitoria da disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia era constituída por aulas práticas semanais, que tinham como objetivo auxiliar na sedimentação dos conteúdos teóricos. Entretanto, devido à pandemia de COVID-19, as atividades práticas ficaram impossibilitadas, e passaram a ser realizadas à distância. De forma geral, apesar das dificuldades impostas pelo ambiente virtual, as monitorias realizadas representaram uma importante estratégia para o engajamento e interação dos alunos com os monitores e professores da disciplina. Para os monitores, essa experiência constituiu uma ferramenta de aprendizagem, proporcionando aprimoramento da organização e da autonomia. Conclusão: A monitoria da disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia realizada de forma virtual representou uma experiencia desafiadora em que as ferramentas tecnologicas forneceram suporte essencial para possibilitar o acompanhamento dos alunos e o desenvolvimento das atividades. Ainda há um longo processo de adaptação com a nova realidade, na qual o estudo remoto ainda deve persistir por tempo indeterminado, mas que, mesmo apresentando algumas desvantagens relacionadas ao rendimento dos estudantes, continua sendo a melhor opção devido às atuais circunstâncias.
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Introdução: A aplasia de medula óssea grave (AAG) adquirida é uma doença rara e de origem desconhecida (80% dos casos). É caracterizada por pancitopenia e medula óssea (MO) hipocelular na ausência de infiltração anormal de células na medula ou aumento da trama de reticulina. Trata-se de doença com alta mortalidade e necessidade de intervenção precoce em serviço especializado. Para o diagnóstico de AAG faz-se necessário avaliação da celularidade da MO por biópsia (<25–30% celularidade);além de 2 de 3 critérios no sangue periférico: Neutrófilos <500/uL;plaquetas <20.000/uL e reticulócitos <60.000/uL(1%). O transplante de MO com doador aparentado (irmão) deve ser inicialmente indicado para todos os pacientes com AAG adquirida. Na ausência desse doador é recomendado terapia imunossupressora;e naqueles pacientes sem resposta ou com perda de resposta uma das opções é a escolha de doador alternativo. Relato do caso: J.F.S., 15 anos, atendida em 05/03/2017 no pronto atendimento com queixa de dor abdominal difusa e astenia. Hemograma da admissão com pancitopenia e USG abdominal total com esplenomegalia leve. Dosagens de vitamina B12, ácido fólico, ferritina, DHL, sorologias virais e triagem reumatológica normais. Realizada Biópsia de MO que revelou intensa hipocelularidade geral (<5 % de tecido hematopoético). Cariótipo: 46 XX sem anormalidade. Pesquisa de HPN e Deb test para anemia de fanconi negativos. HLA do irmão não revelou compatibilidade sendo imediatamente inscrita no Rereme (Registro Nacional de Receptores de Medula Óssea). Paciente evoluiu com piora da pancitopenia (Hb 6,0, neutrófilos 483, Plaq 16mil) e alta necessidade transfusional. Em 5/07/2017 foi submetida ao protocolo de imunosupressão com Thymoglobulina de coelho /corticoide /Ciclosporina. Após 2 meses apresentou resposta parcial com neutrófilos >500 e plaquetas >20mil e independência transfusional. A Ciclosporina foi mantida até março de 2019. Paciente ficou estável até out de 2019 quando progrediu com pancitopenia e necessidade transfusional principalmente de plaquetas, porém evoluiu com reações anafiláticas à transfusão de plaquetas além de pouco incremento plaquetário, mantendo plaquetas <10 mil. Em 12/02/2020, diante desse cenário de dificuldade transfusional (refratariedade e reação anafilática) e manutenção de plaquetopenia grave, optou-se por Eltrombopag, com dose máxima de 250mg/dia também com reposta insatisfatória após 11 meses (mantinha plaquetas <10 mil). Neste momento (pandemia COVID-19) nos foi sinalizado pelo Rereme doador compatível 9×10. O serviço de transplante, convocou o pai da paciente e optou-se pelo transplante de MO alogênico com doador haploidêntico (pai) que ocorreu em 12/03/2021. A paciente evoluiu com remissão completa da doença e atualmente apresenta-se assintomática com hemograma normal (Hb 12,5, Neutrófilos 3500, Plaq 274 mil). Discussão e considerações finais: O transplante de MO através de doador irmão HLA compatível é o tratamento de escolha para paciente com AAG. Esse relato nos mostra que dentro as duas opções disponíveis (pai haploidêntico e doador Rereme não aparentado 9×10) o pai foi o escolhido como doador e obtivemos remissão completa da doença. Uma das hipóteses para tal escolha também inclui a dificuldade de viabilizar a medula de doador não aparentado em um momento pandemia mundial de COVID-19.
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This study explores the importance of sustainable initiatives (SI) in sport for the stake-holders of a professional sports organization (PSO) after three months of absence of the public at the stadiums due to the pandemic situation. Two topics—diversity and inclusion (DIVIN) and the attraction and retention of human capital (ARHC)—were considered and analyzed. A third factor— the distance of residence of the members and the PSO—was considered as an element of the possible relationship between the awareness of the SI and the assessment of the topics in question. A total of 5694 PSO members took an online survey. Through the description of the data, the results show that being aware of the SI performed is a crucial factor for the success of the SI. Distance positively influences SI awareness. The topics considered are rated most positively by members with awareness of the SI, with a higher rating for the topic with the highest external visibility. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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This article aims to investigate the situation of the Government of Jair Messias Bolsonaro, especially in the year 2020 and 2021 and the (in) existence of measures to combat the pandemic of the Covid-19 virus, which has caused several complaints in international human rights protection agencies. For the elaboration of this study, the inductive analytical research method was used, starting from a micro-analytical conception for an maxi- analytical, having as main source the bibliographic and documentary. With regard to the result, it was noticed that, although the legal system of Brazil has the provision of several fundamental rights and guarantees and is a signatory of many protectionist norms of Human Rights, in the current management, many are being neglected in an ignoble way, which has characterized serious violation of the constitutional order in force, especially after the advent of the pandemic. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a global downturn in economic activity, with new social and economic conditions. For executive secretariat professionals, the pandemic has significantly contributed to change the way they operate, their tasks, activity, and importance in the organizations. The present investigation intends to understand the perception of the executive secretarial professionals of companies about the exercise of their profession, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results obtained show that there have been significant changes in the new conditions and requirements inherent to the exercise of the profession, in terms of their competencies and responsibilities, as well in the implementation of new forms of work. © 2021, IGI Global.
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A OMS estabelece como métricas para avaliação da transmissão comunitária da COVID-19 a ocorrência de casos novos, mortes, internações e positividade da testagem sentinela. A testagem sentinela por razões econômicas e logísticas não ocorreu no Brasil e sempre atuamos sob indicadores já ocorridos. Considerando a relevância da transmissão assintomática, sobretudo com a expansão da vacina, e a necessidade de aprimorar a vigilância sobre a circulação viral implementamos um projeto sentinela na cidade de Cubatão na região da Baixada Santista em São Paulo. Realizamos semanalmente, aos sábados, dois testes para cada 1000 habitantes em todas as regiões do município, incluindo as mais socialmente desafiadoras, respeitando as bases e divisões dos setores censitários do IBGE. Aplicamos o TCLE e coletamos um questionário em meio digital com dados demográficos, clínicos e epidemiológicos. Entre 31/07 e 25/09/21 foram realizados 2185 testes (Panbio-AbbottR). Foram identificados 6 casos positivos no período (0,3%). A mediana de idade dos testadas foi de 49 anos, sendo 51,8% do sexo feminino. Em média, ao longo do período de testagem, 51,1% da amostra avaliada havia tomado 2 doses de vacinas dentro do prazo e foi possível avaliar a evolução da cobertura vacinal no período. Na última data de inquérito no período (25/09/2021), 75,59% da amostra estava plenamente vacinada e quase a totalidade com uma dose ao menos. Os resultados de baixa positividade alinham-se com a redução na demanda por consultas em PA por COVID (menos 70%), por internações (menos 97%) e por vagas em UTI (menos 98%) comparando-se os meses entre março (pico) e agosto de 2021. Alinham-se ainda à redução de positividade do RT-PCR entre sintomáticos de 88% para o mesmo período (de 43,6 para 4,9%). Entre 30/08 e 08/09/21 100% das variantes isoladas no município são delta e nenhum dos pacientes teve evolução desfavorável com necessidade de internação. O uso da testagem sentinela mostrou-se uma ferramenta útil no processo da gestão dos leitos e decisões estratégicas da secretaria de saúde, teve excelente aceitação e performance sem nenhuma perda, foi sensível e esteve em linha com os dados compilados pela gestão. Seu uso deve ser realizado como ferramenta útil no monitoramento precoce e antes que desfechos clínicos mais severos estejam concretizados. Por fim, está evidente a performance da vacina como ferramenta essencial na proteção contra formas graves da COVID e na contenção da expansão da variante delta.
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has caused several problems in healthcare systems around the world, as to date, there is no effective and specific treatment against all forms of COVID-19. Currently, drugs with therapeutic potential are being tested, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, immunotherapy, and antibiotics. Although antibiotics have no direct effect on viral infections, they are often used against secondary bacterial infections, or even as empiric treatment to reduce viral load, infection, and replication of coronaviruses. However, there are many concerns about this therapeutic approach as it may accelerate and/or increase the long-term rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We focused this overview on exploring candidate drugs for COVID-19 therapy, including antibiotics, considering the lack of specific treatment and that it is unclear whether the widespread use of antibiotics in the treatment of COVID-19 has implications for the emergence and transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria.